Methods: This was a retrospective chart review. A consecutive sample of 1007 adult patients seeking treatment at 2 sleep centers in New Mexico completed detailed medical and sleep history questionnaires and completed diagnostic polysomnography testing. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of nocturia, snoring, high body-mass index, sex, and age for OSA were determined. Hierarchical linear regression determined unique variance contribution to the apnea-hypopnea index, the objective measure of sleep apnea severity.
Results: Sensitivities: snoring, 82.6%; nocturia, 84.8%. Specificities: snoring, 43.0%; nocturia, 22.4%. PPVs: snoring, 84.7%; nocturia, 80.6%. NPVs: snoring, 39.6%; nocturia, 27.9%. With hierarchical linear regression, patient-reported nocturia frequency predicted apnea-hypopnea index (OSA severity) above and beyond body-mass index, sex, age, and self-reported snoring (P < .0001).
Conclusions: Nocturia appears comparable to snoring as a screening tool for OSA in patients presenting to a sleep medical center. Research in urology and primary care clinics is needed to definitively clarify the use of nocturia as a screening instrument for obstructive sleep apnea.
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repetitive episodes of upper airway obstruction that occur during sleep, leading to repetitive bouts of sleep fragmentation, oxygen desaturations, and resultant daytime sleepiness[1]. A decrease in pharyngeal dilating muscle activity during sleep leads to greater airway collapsibility, a major contributor to obstruction[2]. This pathophysiology produces classic breathing symptoms such as snoring and breathing cessation. Therefore, the upper airway draws the most clinical attention when assessing OSA risk[3,4]. Other factors routinely used to assess risk are body-mass index (BMI) and neck circumference[5], yet snoring is likely the single most common question posed to patients during an assessment for OSA[6-8].
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